How are contrails formed?

How are contrails formed?

Their formation is most often triggered by freezing water vapour from the exhaust of aircraft engines.

What is MDA?

What is MDA?

Minimum decent altitude (non-precision), the lowest altitude, expressed in feet above mean sea level to which descent is authorised on final approach or during circle-to-land maneuvering in execution of a standard instrument approach procedure where no electronic glideslope is provided.

If not visual between MDA and MAPt, a Go-around must be initiated.

What is EGPWS?

What is EGPWS?

Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System, provides a greater level of detection than GPWS.

EGPWS is capable of ‘looking ahead’ to identify potential risks on the aircraft flight path as it includes a terrain and obstacle database.

Why do we calculate mass and balance?

Why do we calculate mass and balance?

To be within aircraft design limitations with regards to:

Structural limitations

Stability

Take-off and landing performance

What is Vmu?

What is Vmu?

Vmu is the minimum unstick speed.

It is the calibrated airspeed at and above which the airplane can safely lift off the ground and continue the takeoff. Lift-off is not possible prior to reaching this speed.

Vmu is not an operational speed and is established in flight testing only.

When would you expect windshear?

When would you expect windshear?

Cumulonimbus clouds

Thunderstorms

Virga

If you are flying your light twin, how would you ensure minimum obstacle clearance if your engine fails on take off? How would you do this, or, where can you find the relevant information?

If you are flying your light twin, how would you ensure minimum obstacle clearance if your engine fails on take off? How would you do this, or, where can you find the relevant information?

In the airplane documents, as the airplane is certificated regarding performance to be able to fly blue line speed (or Vyse) in this situation, so I would climb at this speed to ensure minimum obstacle clearance.

Do single engined planes have a VMCG?

Do single engined planes have a VMCG?

No, VMCG is defined as the minimum control speed on the ground, with one engine inoperative (critical engine on two engine airplanes), takeoff power on other engine(s), using aerodynamic controls only for directional control and thus only applicable to ME aircraft.

What is CRM?

What is CRM?

Crew Resource Management (CRM) is the effective use of all available resources for flight crew personnel to assure a safe and efficient operation, reducing error, avoiding stress and increasing efficiency.

How does a stall strip work?

How does a stall strip work?

A stall strip, usually located close to the wing root, causes the airflow to separate at a lower angle of attack and ensures that the wing root stalls before the wing tips.

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