41.000ft

First continue on the SID and try all available resources to check if you have a complete radio failure.

If so, squawk 7600 and return towards the airport.

Range = 1.23(√H1 + √H2)

= 1.23 * √32000

= 220 nm

Dihedral provides:

Lateral stability (during a roll) Wing clearance, wingtip to ground has more space

Profile drag, also known as pressure drag or form drag, is the drag caused by the separation of the boundary layer from a surface and the wake created by that separation.

It is primarily dependent upon the shape of the object and increases directly with speed as the faster an aircraft moves the more air molecules collide with it.

Center of pressure moves forward when approaching a stall.

Induced drag and its wing tip vortices are a direct consequence of the creation of lift by the wing.

Since the Coefficient of Lift is large when the Angle of Attack is large, induced drag is inversely proportional to the square of the speed whereas all other drag is directly proportional to the square of the speed.

The effect of this is that induced drag is relatively unimportant at high speed in the cruise and descent where it probably represents less than 10% of total drag. In the climb, it is more important representing at least 20% of total drag. At slow speeds just after take off and in the initial climb, it is of maximum importance and may produce as much as 70% of total drag.

Finally, when looking at the potential strength of wing tip vortices, all this theory on induced drag must be moderated by the effect of aircraft weight. Induced drag will always increase with aircraft weight.

At the tip

Cumulonimbus clouds

Thunderstorms

Virga

Mcrit